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Easily setup your PIC® MCU clock with #use delay(). This article takes a deeper look at how to set the various oscillator fuses and oscillator registers to get the clock speed specified in #use delay(). Projects get a jump start with #use delay() accepting simple keywords: CRYSTAL, OSCILLATOR, INTERNAL and RC in addition to, or in place of, the keyword CLOCK to setup the clock.
By using one of these keywords with the clock, speed causes the compiler to set the appropriate oscillator related configuration fuses and registers to automatically achieve the specified speed with the specified clock source. The following #use delay() examples demonstrate how to set up the PIC® MCU to run at 8MHz from an external crystal and at 4MHz from the internal oscillator:
#use delay(clock=8MHz, crystal)
#use delay(crystal=8MHz) //same as above line
#use delay(clock=4MHz, internal)
#use delay(internal=4MHz) //same as above line
Devices that have a PLL, the #use delay() has an easy mechanism for setting up the PIC® MCU to run from use of it. This is easily done by setting the CLOCK option to the PLL clock speed and the CRYSTAL or OSCILLATOR option to the speed of the external clock source. For example, the following #use delay() line will set the clock to run at 32 MHz from an 8 MHz external oscillator using the PLL:
#use delay(oscillator=8MHz, clock=32MHz)
Devices with an USB peripheral, CCS has added the keywords USB, USB_FULL (same as USB) and USB_LOW. By using one of these keywords in #use delay() it causes the compiler to set the device's configuration fuses for the USB clock to be setup for either FULL or LOW speed. For example, the following line will set up the PIC® MCU to run at 48MHz from a 20MHz crystal and setup the USB clock for FULL speed:
#use delay(crystal=20MHz, clock=48MHz, USB_FULL)
By default, the compiler turns off the clock output that is available for some oscillator modes. If your application requires the clock output turned on, do something like this:
#use delay(internal=4MHz, clock_out)
When using the #use delay() to configure your oscillator it is not recommended to include oscillator related #fuses in your code or the use of setup_oscillator() unless you need to change the oscillator run-time.
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About CCS:
CCS is a leading worldwide supplier of embedded software development tools that enable companies to develop premium products based on Microchip PIC® MCU and dsPIC® DSC devices. Complete proven tool chains from CCS include a code optimizing C compiler, application specific hardware platforms and software development kits. CCS' products accelerate development of energy saving industrial automation, wireless and wired communication, automotive, medical device and consumer product applications. Established in 1992, CCS is a Microchip Premier 3rd Party Partner. For more information, please visit https://www.ccsinfo.com.
PIC® MCU, MPLAB® IDE, MPLAB® ICD2, MPLAB® ICD3 and dsPIC® are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.
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