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Temperature sensor with internal diode and CTMU

 
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andrewg



Joined: 17 Aug 2005
Posts: 316
Location: Perth, Western Australia

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Temperature sensor with internal diode and CTMU
PostPosted: Sat Mar 16, 2013 11:31 pm     Reply with quote

For a recent project involving a PIC18F67K22, I investigated the use of the internal diode as a temperature sensor in combination with the CTMU peripheral. Microchip say it can be done, but with no guidance on the sort of accuracy possible. You only find out by doing, I guess!

Code follows, but in short, at the very best you should only expect a temperature resolution of about 1.7-1.8 degC. In practice something like +/- 3.6 degC or even +/- 7 degC would be expected.

It would be usable for a general "too hot" or "too cold" type sensor, but I wanted something a little more precise (+/- 1 degC) so I'm going with an external sensor.

I know other people will be tempted, like me, to see what the built-in temperature sensor is like. Here's the code to find out!

Exclamation The implementation of adc_read() is left as an exercise for the reader Smile

inttemp.h:
Code:
#ifndef INTTEMP_H
#define INTTEMP_H

#include <stdint.h>

#define INTTEMP_CALIBRATION_SIZE 6

// Initialise the internal temperature module
void inttemp_init(void);

// Perform a single point calibration using a known correct current temperature
void inttemp_calibrate(int16_t temperature); // 0.1degC units

// Load/save calibration
void inttemp_load_calibration(uint8_t *cal);
void inttemp_save_calibration(uint8_t *cal);

// Read the internal temperature sensor
int16_t inttemp_read(void); // 0.1degC units

#endif /* INTTEMP_H */

inttemp.c:
Code:
#include "inttemp.h"

#pragma module

/*

References:

* SBAA073A "Measuring Temperature with the ADS1216, ADS1217, or ADS1218"
* DS39660D "PIC18F87K22 Family, 27.8 Measuring Temperature with the CTMU Module"
* TB3016 "Using the PIC MCU CTMU for Temperature Measurement"
* AN1375 "See What You Can Do with the CTMU"

In short, taking diode voltage measurements using two different currents
eliminates all the device specific variables (such as the +/-60% CTMU current
accuracy, and variations with temperature). Calibration can then be performed
via a single measurement.

From SBAA073A:

delta diode voltage = alpha * temperature

where alpha is a constant made up of various physical constants and the ratio of
the excitation currents, the temperature is in Kelvin

For calibration:

alpha = delta diode voltage / temperature

For calibrated temperature:

temperature = delta diode voltage / alpha = delta diode voltage * (1 / alpha)

Worked example:

Assume temperature is 290 (29.0 degC), v1=998, v2=827, dv=171
alphan = 171 bits = 0.138V (Vref+=3.3V,Vref-=0V)
alphad = 30215 (0.01K units)
alpha = 2189 K/V = 1.767 K/bit

Normally +/- 1 ADC bits is pretty good, but we're reading twice, so the expected
error is actually more like +/- 2 bits, which is +/-3.5 K.

*/

#byte CTMUICON = getenv("SFR:CTMUICON")
#bit CTMUEN = getenv("BIT:CTMUEN")
#bit EDG1STAT = getenv("BIT:EDG1STAT")
#define ADC_CHANNEL_DIODE 29
#define ZERO_DEGC_IN_CENTIK 27315 // centi-K = 0.01K units

struct {
  // alpha numerator and denominator
  uint16_t alphan; // ADC bits
  int32_t alphad; // 0.01K units
} calibration;
#if sizeof(calibration) != INTTEMP_CALIBRATION_SIZE
#error Inconsistent calibration size
#endif

// Initialise module
void inttemp_init(void)
{
  // arbitrary values
  calibration.alphan = 171;
  calibration.alphad = 290 * 10 + ZERO_DEGC_IN_CENTIK;
}

// Measure delta voltage across internal diode at two currents.
static uint16_t inttemp_deltav(void)
{
  uint16_t v1, v2;
  CTMUICON = 0x03; // 100x base current, 55uA
  CTMUEN = 1; // enable CTMU
  EDG1STAT = 1; // ADC output
  v1 = adc_read(ADC_CHANNEL_DIODE);
  EDG1STAT = 0; // disable output
  CTMUEN = 0; // disable CTMU
  CTMUICON = 0x02; // 10x base current, 5.5uA
  CTMUEN = 1;
  EDG1STAT = 1;
  v2 = adc_read(ADC_CHANNEL_DIODE);
  EDG1STAT = 0;
  CTMUEN = 0;
  CTMUICON = 0x00; // current source disabled
  // v1 will always be > v2 due to higher current
  return v1 - v2;
}

// Single point calibration to assumed ambient temperature
void inttemp_calibrate(int16_t temperature)
{
  // alpha = delta diode voltage / temperature
  calibration.alphan = inttemp_deltav();
  calibration.alphad = ((int32_t)temperature * 10 + ZERO_DEGC_IN_CENTIK);
}

// Load a saved calibration
void inttemp_load_calibration(uint8_t *cal)
{
  memcpy(&calibration, cal, INTTEMP_CALIBRATION_SIZE);
}

// Save the calibration
void inttemp_save_calibration(uint8_t *cal)
{
  memcpy(cal, &calibration, INTTEMP_CALIBRATION_SIZE);
}

// Read current internal temperature
int16_t inttemp_read(void)
{
  // temperature = delta diode voltage * (1 / alpha)
  return ((int32_t)inttemp_deltav() * calibration.alphad / calibration.alphan - ZERO_DEGC_IN_CENTIK) / 10;
}

_________________
Andrew
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