Vref+ and Vref-

Bilal · Joined: 24 Apr 2010 Posts: 75 Location: Islamabad

hi.. i am using PIC18F4550 and i want to use its A/D.. i want to know what is the minimum limit to define the reference voltages with controller PINs Vref- and Vref+ and how much it effects the accuracy..
thanks..
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temtronic · Posted: Fri Mar 25, 2011 9:22 am

I was going to say 'consult the datasheet' but I just did and unless I'm going blind I can't find anything about the ADC specs of input range, ref+, ref- ,etc. Not in the ADC section, or the DC characteristics section.

From memory, vref+ can be max at Vdd(+5), vref- as low as Vss(gnd) BUT the difference must be 2 volts. vref+=+4, vref-=+2 is OK, but vref+=+4 and vref-=+3 is not allowed.

Hopefully someone else who uses the 4550 daily will answer you.

Ttelmah · Joined: 11 Mar 2010 Posts: 19513

Not quite. The difference must be 1.8v _or more_, when using a 3.3v supply and 3v or more when using a 5v supply. You can run with a 3v vref fine, or a 5v Vref with a 5v supply (this after all is what you have by default if you use the supply itself). It is in the data sheet. Table 28-28. For full 10bit accuracy, the Vref must be at least 3v.
Accuracy. Makes a big difference, depending on the supply. Remember if a supply regulator, claims '1% accuracy', this is with _static_ (resistive) loads. As soon as inductive, capacitive or switching loads are added the actual instantaneous levels on the supply rail, _will_ be varying significantly. I have achieved a repeatable 12bit accuracy off the standard 10bit ADC, by oversampling, using a 0.001% bandgap reference, good AC layout. Using the supply, you will be 'lucky' to get even 7bit....

Best Wishes

temtronic · Posted: Fri Mar 25, 2011 6:26 pm

What gives...I just downloaded the 'latest' datasheet, xxx 2009, ds39632 rev E, and there's no tables !! This right from uCs website, arrghhh.

Where can I download a complete datasheet / I just got 6 of the 4550's to play with...tired of shoveling snow and rebuilding transmissions.

PCM programmer · Joined: 06 Sep 2003 Posts: 21708

I downloaded it:
http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en010300
It's got the tables right there:

temtronic · Posted: Sat Mar 26, 2011 5:12 am

I gotta get me better bifocals.....I redownloaded it again , couldn't see it again,then slowly went page by page and finally saw it(page 404 of 438).I might have clicked too many times before and my slow PC skipped over it.
Either way, the information is there.

Bilal · Joined: 24 Apr 2010 Posts: 75 Location: Islamabad

what if i use deltaVref equals .6V????
is there any way so that i can use deltaVref .6V...
is there any other controller
please help
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Ttelmah · Joined: 11 Mar 2010 Posts: 19513

If delta Vref, is below 3v, you lose accuracy. You actually get as good resolution using a 3v Vref, and just using 1/5th the range, as using a 0.6v Vref.

The basic answer is to always amplify your signals up to the range matching your Vref. Given the relatively low source impedance requirements of the ADC, an amplifier stage is often needed anyway.
Obviously, there are higher accuracy ADC's, that will use a 0.6v vref range available, but you can start with them costing perhaps 5" the cost of a PIC, and rising to hundreds of times the cost of the PIC.

Best Wishes

Bilal · Joined: 24 Apr 2010 Posts: 75 Location: Islamabad

if i use deltaVref 0.6V.. and in my code i get 1000 sample A/D reading...
and add them all to get average.. Can it solve the problem of accuracy??
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SherpaDoug · Joined: 07 Sep 2003 Posts: 1640 Location: Cape Cod Mass USA

Bilal · Joined: 24 Apr 2010 Posts: 75 Location: Islamabad

Hi.. Please help me.. i want to sense temperature in a range 20degreeC to 40degreeC.. and i am using a low power op amps.. and those are work good on 2.5V.. and V+ is 5v and V- is ground..
i am using sensor PT100.. and i am using 3mAmp of floating current.. and 6.1 gain.. i want to have 0.1degree of accuracy and resolution..
the problem is my whole range is in between .6V.. and i have to set deltaVref to 0.6V.. to get my desire range..

if i increase my gain.. it will crosses to voltage limit of even 5V but the temp range is in .6 volt..

Please help

thanks
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Ttelmah · Joined: 11 Mar 2010 Posts: 19513

You need to choose the gain, offset voltages applied etc., to condition the output to the range you require.

I have to 'ask' why on earth use a PT100 sensor for 20C to 40C?. The normal reason to use PT100 units, is for a much higher temperature range than this....

However a PT100 sensor, gives you a resistance change, not a voltage change. Depending on your particular sensor, you will have a resistance change, say of something like 106R for 17C to perhaps 116R for 41C.
Now you want to keep current through the sensor small. Ideally use something like a small voltage reference as a constant current source. If you choose a current of say 0.1mA, then self heating should be reasonable. If you are getting a 0.6v change across the sensor, then you are drawing an unacceptable current level (change of 10R 0.6v change, implies 60mA - accuracy will be destroyed by this....).
With 0.1mA the voltage across the resistor would change from 0.106v to 0.116v over the 17C to 41C temperature range. So use a op-amp 'adder', and subtract 0.106v, from the voltage, then have a gain of perhaps 300*. You'd then have an output swing from 17C to 41C, of 0v to 3v. Use a 3V reference, and the result will suit your PIC.
You would need to have a little bit of resistance after the op-amp, and clamp the swing after this to the Vref range, so that the PIC input is not overdriven if the voltage goes outside your required range.

Best Wishes