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FAT32 code for MultiMedia Cards
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manish12



Joined: 18 Jan 2009
Posts: 15

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WHAT IS/SHOULD THE SIZE OF CARD AND WHAT TYPE ?
PostPosted: Mon Jan 19, 2009 1:21 am     Reply with quote

I AM USING 512MB SD CARD , BUT NOT SUCEESES.
asmallri



Joined: 12 Aug 2004
Posts: 1634
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Re: WHAT IS/SHOULD THE SIZE OF CARD AND WHAT TYPE ?
PostPosted: Mon Jan 19, 2009 6:48 pm     Reply with quote

manish12 wrote:
I AM USING 512MB SD CARD , BUT NOT SUCEESES.


Why would you use FAT32 on such a small SD card?

FAT16 is SIGNIFICANTLY faster than FAT32 when used with a PIC.
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Regards, Andrew

http://www.brushelectronics.com/software
Home of Ethernet, SD card and Encrypted Serial Bootloaders for PICs!!
manish12



Joined: 18 Jan 2009
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PostPosted: Mon Jan 19, 2009 10:52 pm     Reply with quote

I am concerned about the fat32 code given,

code for fat 32, so I am not able to use lower memory value i.e 32MB even it is fast .
asmallri



Joined: 12 Aug 2004
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PostPosted: Tue Jan 20, 2009 3:47 am     Reply with quote

manish12 wrote:
I am concerned about the fat32 code given,

code for fat 32, so I am not able to use lower memory value i.e 32MB even it is fast .


FAT16 supports up to 2GB
_________________
Regards, Andrew

http://www.brushelectronics.com/software
Home of Ethernet, SD card and Encrypted Serial Bootloaders for PICs!!
manish12



Joined: 18 Jan 2009
Posts: 15

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PostPosted: Tue Jan 20, 2009 4:42 am     Reply with quote

how you format it ?
asmallri



Joined: 12 Aug 2004
Posts: 1634
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PostPosted: Tue Jan 20, 2009 7:28 am     Reply with quote

manish12 wrote:
how you format it ?


To format an SD/MMC card for FAT16, from windows select the drive (SD/MMC Card), right click, select format. On the file system drop down box select FAT. It will then format using FAT16.
_________________
Regards, Andrew

http://www.brushelectronics.com/software
Home of Ethernet, SD card and Encrypted Serial Bootloaders for PICs!!
manish12



Joined: 18 Jan 2009
Posts: 15

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PostPosted: Tue Jan 20, 2009 12:02 pm     Reply with quote

check it yourself.

any way for those who haven't format the memory size > 32bm windows not support for fat16, it will show as fat but from fdisk you will find that it is fat32 .

and for 32bm it is format with fat16 only! by default
asmallri



Joined: 12 Aug 2004
Posts: 1634
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PostPosted: Tue Jan 20, 2009 4:11 pm     Reply with quote

manish12 wrote:
check it yourself.


I develop and sell File System Software for PICs and am continually testing cards and features. I regularly format cards from 256MB to 2GB with FAT16 as part of my test procedures for my software to identify the FAT used.

Quote:

any way for those who haven't format the memory size > 32bm windows not support for fat16, it will show as fat but from fdisk you will find that it is fat32 .


No this is not true. Perhaps there is something wrong with your windows installation.

Quote:
and for 32bm it is format with fat16 only! by default


Here is an extract of a Kingston 2GB card initially formatted to FAT32

Code:

Partition boot sector:
00000050 - 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 33 C9 8E D1 BC F4   FAT32   3ɎѼô

Volume is FAT32
Bytes per Sector = 512
Reserved Sectors = 34
Sectors per Cluster = 8
Cluster_size_bytes = 4096
Root directory Entries = 0
Total Sectors = 3921920
Sectors for FAT = 3823
FAT 1 address = 0x00004400
FAT 2 address = 0x001E2200
Root directory address = 0x003C0000
Data area address = 0x003C0000
Root directory sectors = 0
Sectors for data = 3914240
Total Clusters = 489280
Hidden Sectors = 0


Here is the same card formatted to FAT16 using the procedure I described above:
Code:

Partition boot sector:
0001E630 - 4D 45 20 20 20 20 46 41 54 31 36 20 20 20 33 C9 ME    FAT16   3É

Volume is FAT16
Bytes per Sector = 512
Reserved Sectors = 4
Sectors per Cluster = 64
Cluster_size_bytes = 32768
Root directory Entries = 512
Total Sectors = 4022029
Sectors for FAT = 246
FAT 1 address = 0x0001EE00
FAT 2 address = 0x0003DA00
Root directory address = 0x0005C600
Data area address = 0x00060600
Root directory sectors = 32
Sectors for data = 4021501
Total Clusters = 62835
Hidden Sectors = 243


You can clearly see the card has been formatted to FAT16.
_________________
Regards, Andrew

http://www.brushelectronics.com/software
Home of Ethernet, SD card and Encrypted Serial Bootloaders for PICs!!
manish12



Joined: 18 Jan 2009
Posts: 15

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PostPosted: Tue Jan 20, 2009 11:31 pm     Reply with quote

You might be right, I may be wrong.

Thank you!

I highly appreciate your efforts

I now I can suggest to others.
CLK.Tech



Joined: 30 Apr 2009
Posts: 5

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PostPosted: Thu Apr 30, 2009 4:36 am     Reply with quote

Hi guys!

Just a question: does anybody migrate this code to a PIC24 device? I'm trying that and I have so much errors.

The SPI Hardware runs properly but some loops fail.

Did anybody do that?
dynamitron



Joined: 18 Mar 2009
Posts: 38

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PostPosted: Tue Apr 13, 2010 3:22 pm     Reply with quote

I must says that I have try all the driver and format methods mentionned in the diffrent posts of this forum. For my case, none of them was a success.

I decided to buy the driver from asmallri (brushelectronics.com) and they works out of the box !! Everything went perfect after having simply formated my 2 gb SD card with a camera. For the moment, I do not even know if the card is formated in FAT16 or 32.
I am able to create a file with the pic, write into it, read it and send it over rs232.
On my PC, I can read the file, modify it and if I put back the card on the pic, I see the modification done on the PC.

Dynamitron.
Scythe



Joined: 05 Mar 2010
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PostPosted: Thu May 13, 2010 11:46 am     Reply with quote

Code working without any problem. But I couldn't manage to update the contents of file previously opened and written. Whenever I tried to log something new, it overwrites the previous value. Is there anyway to overcome this ?
neochrome32



Joined: 09 Jun 2013
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FAT32 with Tomi
PostPosted: Mon Jun 10, 2013 8:56 pm     Reply with quote

this is the demo code
Code:

// main.c

#include <main.h>


// Current Pin Setup for the SDCARD //
// TESTED SO FAR AND WORKING //
/*
   Transcend SD 2GIG (cheap o card) - WORKING
   
*/

/* THESE ARE MY CHIP SPECIFICS */
#define MMC_CS    PIN_c2
#define MMC_CLK   PIN_c3
#define MMC_DI    PIN_C4
#define MMC_DO    PIN_C5


#define MMCSD_PIN_SELECT  MMC_CS //o
#define MMCSD_PIN_SCL     MMC_CLK //o
#define MMCSD_PIN_SDI     MMC_DI //i
#define MMCSD_PIN_SDO     MMC_DO //o


#use FAST_IO(C)

#include <string.h>

#include "mmcsd.c"


#include "gofat.c"   // Tomi- Fat32 using CCS C (2007) Modified MMCSD.C Driver



void PrintData(char *data, long len){
   long i;
   long j;
   long k;
   int8   step1;
   //int8   step2;
   printf ("Showing Block Length: %lx [%lu byte(s)]\n", len,len);
   
   j = 0;
   
   step1=0;
   //step2=0;
   for (i = 0; i < len; i++){
      printf (" %02X", data[i]);
      if((i%8)==7)
         putc(' ');
      if (j >= 31) {
         printf (" | ");

         for (k = (i - 31); k <= i; k++)         {
            if (! isalnum (data[k])) printf (".");
            else printf ("%c", data[k]);
           
           
            if((k%8)==7)
               putc(' ');
           
         }

         printf ("\r\n");
         j = 0;
         
      } else {
         j++;
      }
   }
   putc('\n');
}

/*------------- FAT32 TESTING -----------*/
char buffer[512];
int8 *ptra;
char filename[32];   // 32 size names, (TESTED WITH 8+3 type though this worked)
int32 AllocSpace;
char fs;   // File system ID (for when you open systems, this supports 2 only (save on already bloated ram usage)
int8 g;





void main(){

   /* my chip specifics */
   setup_wdt(WDT_OFF);
   setup_timer_3(T3_DISABLED | T3_DIV_BY_1);
   setup_timer_4(T4_DISABLED,0,1);
   setup_timer_5(T5_DISABLED | T5_DIV_BY_1);
   setup_timer_6(T6_DISABLED,0,1);
    setup_adc(ADC_OFF);
   setup_comparator(NC_NC_NC_NC);// This device COMP currently not supported by the PICWizard   
   /* end */


   printf("\n\nBooting...\n\n");

   ptra = &(buffer[0]);
   
   // ALL YOU NEED REALLY IS mcscd_init() and InitFat()
   
   if(mmcsd_init()==MMCSD_GOODEC){
      AllocSpace=InitFAT();   // (AllocSpace ot really needed, but can be used to verify FAT32 startup)
      printf("ROOT LOCATION : %Lu\n", AllocSpace+2);   // print the location
      ReadSector(AllocSpace+2,ptra);   // READ Sector into buffer (ptra is the pointer for buffer[]) the first sector of the FS part - again not really important
      PrintData(Buffer,512);
   }
   
   
   strcpy(filename,"FASTROM.TXT");
   
   // CREATE THE FILE if you KNOW this file doesn't exist on your sdcard. otherwise leave commented out
   /*   
   fs=fopen(filename, 'w');
      printf("chunk 0... ");
      strcpy(buffer, "new file\r\n");
      fwrite(buffer, strlen(buffer),fs);
   fclose(fs);
   */
   
   /* IN THIS part, we're demonstrating that you can append text to a file,
      IMPORTANT NOTE is before you can append another set of text you need to close file and reopen again    .
         seems important otherwise your just going to over write the buffer, fclose just writes the buffer to sector.
         
   */
   
   /*
   fs=fopen(filename, 'a');
      printf("chunk 1... ");
      strcpy(buffer, "something new to put in to the rom ball.\r\n");
      fwrite(buffer, strlen(buffer),fs);
   fclose(fs);

   fs=fopen(filename, 'a');
      printf("chunk 2... ");
      strcpy(buffer, "i want to make sure this works ok. \r\n");
      fwrite(buffer, strlen(buffer),fs);
   fclose(fs);

   fs=fopen(filename, 'a');
      printf("chunk 3... ");
      strcpy(buffer, "**I dont know what to put in to the rom, but i want to see it work like this **\r\n");
      fwrite(buffer, strlen(buffer),fs);
   fclose(fs);

   fs=fopen(filename, 'a');
      printf("chunk 4... ");
      strcpy(buffer, "**Need something better than just a few bytes of text though... how hmm**\r\n");
      fwrite(buffer, strlen(buffer),fs);
   fclose(fs);
   */
   
   /* check out the data, this worked */


   /* for this test to work, make a file On your sdcard, name it "test.txt" and put in 'hello world' for example or anything you like
      if successfull you should get the data..
      NOTE: appears that you can only load 512bytes at a time, (im sure we all knew that already)
   */
   
   //strcpy(filename, "STUFF1/FILE1.TXT"); // this was a demo to see if i could do directories - it worked. NOTE: STUFF1/FILE1.TXT, there is NO leading '/'
   strcpy(filename, "STUFF1/FILE1.TXT"); // note this is in CAPS? seems i haven't worked out yet how to use the ansi names (long names) this works anyways
   fs=fopen(filename, 'r');   //r=read. if this file doesn't exist, the file is created!
   
      fread(buffer,256, fs);   // this will read 32 bytes from the file... i suspect tho that if you read off the end of a file, that is also loaded, hmm
      buffer[256]=0;   // null char at the end, as fread does NOT terminate string... this is RAW
   fclose(fs);
   
   printf("String from File: TEST.TXT was %s\n" , buffer);
   
   delay_ms(1000);
   
   
   
   printf("\nDone.:");

   for(;;);

}
[/code]
neochrome32



Joined: 09 Jun 2013
Posts: 153

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main.h
PostPosted: Mon Jun 10, 2013 8:57 pm     Reply with quote

main.c
this code is really specific to the chip im using, but i tried to make sure it didn't bother the rest of the code and to keep it as generic as possible

Code:

#include <18F46K22.h>
#device *=16


#FUSES NOXINST
#FUSES NOPBADEN                   //PORTB pins are configured as analog input channels on RESET
#fuses HSH,PUT,NOPROTECT,NOLVP,NOWDT,NOBROWNOUT,PLLEN,NOPBADEN,WDT128
#device WRITE_EEPROM = NOINT

#use delay(crystal=8M,  clock=32000000)

#use rs232(baud=115200,parity=N,xmit=PIN_D1,rcv=PIN_D2,bits=8,stream=PORT1)



neochrome32



Joined: 09 Jun 2013
Posts: 153

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mmcsd.c
PostPosted: Mon Jun 10, 2013 8:59 pm     Reply with quote

again i needed something for SDcards only, BUT this served....

there are modifications to the one Tomi did, NOT MUCH though mind...

i used this code really to get the read sector and write sector working in the follow codes (gofat.c) and (gofat.h)



Code:


/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////                           MMCSD.c                               ////
////                                                                 ////
////    This is a low-level driver for MMC and SD cards.             ////
////                                                                 ////
//// --User Functions--                                              ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_init(): Initializes the media.                            ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_read_byte(a, p)                                           ////
////  Reads a byte from the MMC/SD card at location a, saves to      ////
////  pointer p.  Returns 0 if OK, non-zero if error.                ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_read_data(a, n, p)                                        ////
////  Reads n bytes of data from the MMC/SD card starting at address ////
////  a, saves result to pointer p.  Returns 0 if OK, non-zero if    ////
////  error.                                                         ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_flush_buffer()                                            ////
////  The two user write functions (mmcsd_write_byte() and           ////
////  mmcsd_write_data()) maintain a buffer to speed up the writing  ////
////  process.  Whenever a read or write is performed, the write     ////
////  buffer is loaded with the specified page and only the          ////
////  contents of this buffer is changed.  If any future writes      ////
////  cross a page boundary then the buffer in RAM is written        ////
////  to the MMC/SD and then the next page is loaded into the        ////
////  buffer.  mmcsd_flush_buffer() forces the contents in RAM       ////
////  to the MMC/SD card.  Returns 0 if OK, non-zero if errror.      ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_write_byte(a, d)                                          ////
////  Writes data byte d to the MMC/SD address a.  Intelligently     ////
////  manages a write buffer, therefore you may need to call         ////
////  mmcsd_flush_buffer() to flush the buffer.                      ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_write_data(a, n, p)                                       ////
////  Writes n bytes of data from pointer p to the MMC/SD card       ////
////  starting at address a.  This function intelligently manages    ////
////  a write buffer, therefore if you may need to call              ////
////  mmcsd_flush_buffer() to flush any buffered characters.         ////
////  returns 0 if OK, non-zero if error.                            ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_read_block(a, s, p)                                       ////
////  Reads an entire page from the SD/MMC.  Keep in mind that the   ////
////  start of the read has to be aligned to a block                 ////
////  (Address % 512 = 0).  Therefore s must be evenly divisible by  ////
////  512.  At the application level it is much more effecient to    ////
////  to use mmcsd_read_data() or mmcsd_read_byte().  Returns 0      ////
////  if successful, non-zero if error.                              ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_write_block(a, s, p):                                     ////
////  Writes an entire page to the SD/MMC.  This will write an       ////
////  entire page to the SD/MMC, so the address and size must be     ////
////  evenly  divisble by 512.  At the application level it is much  ////
////  more effecient to use mmcsd_write_data() or mmcsd_write_byte().////
////  Returns 0 if successful, non-zero if error.                    ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_print_cid(): Displays all data in the Card Identification ////
////                     Register. Note this only works on SD cards. ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_print_csd(): Displays all data in the Card Specific Data  ////
////                     Register. Note this only works on SD cards. ////
////                                                                 ////
////                                                                 ////
//// --Non-User Functions--                                          ////
////                                                                 ////
//// mmcsd_go_idle_state(): Sends the GO_IDLE_STATE command to the   ////
////                        SD/MMC.                                  ////
//// mmcsd_send_op_cond(): Sends the SEND_OP_COND command to the     ////
////                        SD. Note this command only works on SD.  ////
//// mmcsd_send_if_cond(): Sends the SEND_IF_COND command to the     ////
////                        SD. Note this command only works on SD.  ////
//// mmcsd_sd_status(): Sends the SD_STATUS command to the SD. Note  ////
////                     This command only works on SD cards.        ////
//// mmcsd_send_status(): Sends the SEND_STATUS command to the       ////
////                       SD/MMC.                                   ////
//// mmcsd_set_blocklen(): Sends the SET_BLOCKLEN command along with ////
////                        the desired block length.                ////
//// mmcsd_app_cmd(): Sends the APP_CMD command to the SD. This only ////
////                   works on SD cards and is used just before any ////
////                   SD-only command (e.g. send_op_cond()).        ////
//// mmcsd_read_ocr(): Sends the READ_OCR command to the SD/MMC.     ////
//// mmcsd_crc_on_off(): Sends the CRC_ON_OFF command to the SD/MMC  ////
////                      along with a bit to turn the CRC on/off.   ////
//// mmcsd_send_cmd(): Sends a command and argument to the SD/MMC.   ////
//// mmcsd_get_r1(): Waits for an R1 response from the SD/MMC and    ////
////                  then saves the response to a buffer.           ////
//// mmcsd_get_r2(): Waits for an R2 response from the SD/MMC and    ////
////                  then saves the response to a buffer.           ////
//// mmcsd_get_r3(): Waits for an R3 response from the SD/MMC and    ////
////                  then saves the response to a buffer.           ////
//// mmcsd_get_r7(): Waits for an R7 response from the SD/MMC and    ////
////                  then saves the response to a buffer.           ////
//// mmcsd_wait_for_token(): Waits for a specified token from the    ////
////                          SD/MMC.                                ////
//// mmcsd_crc7(): Generates a CRC7 using a pointer to some data,    ////
////                and how many bytes long the data is.             ////
//// mmcsd_crc16(): Generates a CRC16 using a pointer to some data,  ////
////                and how many bytes long the data is.             ////
////                                                                 ////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////        (C) Copyright 2007 Custom Computer Services              ////
//// This source code may only be used by licensed users of the CCS  ////
//// C compiler.  This source code may only be distributed to other  ////
//// licensed users of the CCS C compiler.  No other use,            ////
//// reproduction or distribution is permitted without written       ////
//// permission.  Derivative programs created using this software    ////
//// in object code form are not restricted in any way.              ////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef MMCSD_C
#define MMCSD_C

/////////////////////
////             ////
//// User Config ////
////             ////
/////////////////////

#include "stdint.h"

#ifndef MMCSD_PIN_SCL
 #define MMCSD_PIN_SCL     PIN_C3 //o
 #define MMCSD_PIN_SDI     PIN_C4 //i
 #define MMCSD_PIN_SDO     PIN_C5 //o
 #define MMCSD_PIN_SELECT  PIN_B4 //o
#endif

#use spi(MASTER, DI=MMCSD_PIN_SDI, DO=MMCSD_PIN_SDO, CLK=MMCSD_PIN_SCL, BITS=8, MSB_FIRST, MODE=3, stream=mmcsd_spi, BAUD=10000)

////////////////////////
////                ////
//// Useful Defines ////
////                ////
////////////////////////

enum MMCSD_err
   {MMCSD_GOODEC = 0,
   MMCSD_IDLE = 0x01,
   MMCSD_ERASE_RESET = 0x02,
   MMCSD_ILLEGAL_CMD = 0x04,
   MMCSD_CRC_ERR = 0x08,
   MMCSD_ERASE_SEQ_ERR = 0x10,
   MMCSD_ADDR_ERR = 0x20,
   MMCSD_PARAM_ERR = 0x40,
   RESP_TIMEOUT = 0x80};

#define GO_IDLE_STATE 0
#define SEND_OP_COND 1
#define SEND_IF_COND 8
#define SEND_CSD 9
#define SEND_CID 10
#define SD_STATUS 13
#define SEND_STATUS 13
#define SET_BLOCKLEN 16
#define READ_SINGLE_BLOCK 17
#define WRITE_BLOCK 24
#define SD_SEND_OP_COND 41
#define APP_CMD 55
#define READ_OCR 58
#define CRC_ON_OFF 59

#define IDLE_TOKEN 0x01
#define DATA_START_TOKEN 0xFE

#define MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE 512

////////////////////////
///                  ///
/// Global Variables ///
///                  ///
////////////////////////

uint8_t g_mmcsd_buffer[MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE];

int1 g_CRC_enabled;
int1 g_MMCSDBufferChanged;

uint32_t g_mmcsdBufferAddress;

enum _card_type{SD, MMC} g_card_type;
uint32_t g_mmcsdPartitionOffset;
/////////////////////////////
////                     ////
//// Function Prototypes ////
////                     ////
/////////////////////////////

MMCSD_err mmcsd_init(int32 offset);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_data(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_block(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_data(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_block(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_go_idle_state(void);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_op_cond(void);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_if_cond(uint8_t r7[]);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_print_csd();
MMCSD_err mmcsd_print_cid();
MMCSD_err mmcsd_sd_status(uint8_t r2[]);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_status(uint8_t r2[]);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_set_blocklen(uint32_t blocklen);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_single_block(uint32_t address);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_single_block(uint32_t address);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_sd_send_op_cond(void);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_app_cmd(void);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_ocr(uint8_t* r1);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_crc_on_off(int1 crc_enabled);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_cmd(uint8_t cmd, uint32_t arg);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r1(void);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r2(uint8_t r2[]);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r3(uint8_t r3[]);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r7(uint8_t r7[]);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_wait_for_token(uint8_t token);
uint8_t mmcsd_crc7(char *data, uint8_t length);
uint16_t mmcsd_crc16(char *data, uint8_t length);
void mmcsd_select();
void mmcsd_deselect();

/// Fast Functions ! ///

MMCSD_err mmcsd_load_buffer(void);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_flush_buffer(void);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_move_buffer(uint32_t new_addr);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_byte(uint32_t addr, char* data);
MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_byte(uint32_t addr, char data);


void mmcsd_check_part(uint16_t off)
{
    printf("find offset from physical to logical %X\r\n",g_mmcsd_buffer[off] ) ;

  if (g_mmcsd_buffer[off + 1] == 0x00)
  { printf("check part  OK \r\n");
   
    g_mmcsdPartitionOffset = g_mmcsd_buffer[off];
   // active partition
   /* uint8_t t;
    t = g_mmcsd_buffer[off + 4];
    if (t == 0x04 || t == 0x06 || t == 0x0B)
    {
      // FAT16 or FAT32 partition
      = make32(
      g_mmcsd_buffer[off + 11], g_mmcsd_buffer[off + 10],
      g_mmcsd_buffer[off + 9], g_mmcsd_buffer[off + 8]) * MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE;
    }*/
  }
}

//////////////////////////////////
////                          ////
//// Function Implementations ////
////                          ////
//////////////////////////////////

MMCSD_err mmcsd_init(){
   uint8_t
      i,
      r1;
     
    printf("CARD Starting... \r\n");
   g_CRC_enabled = TRUE;
   g_mmcsdBufferAddress = 0;

 
 
   output_drive(MMCSD_PIN_SCL);
   output_drive(MMCSD_PIN_SDO);
   output_drive(MMCSD_PIN_SELECT);
   output_float(MMCSD_PIN_SDI);

   mmcsd_deselect();
   delay_ms(15);
     
   /* begin initialization */
   i = 0;
   do{
      delay_ms(1);
      mmcsd_select();     
      r1=mmcsd_go_idle_state();
      mmcsd_deselect();
      i++;
      if(i == 0xFF){
         mmcsd_deselect();
           return r1;
      }
   } while(!bit_test(r1, 0));

   i = 0;
   do{
      delay_ms(1);
      mmcsd_select();
      r1=mmcsd_send_op_cond();
      mmcsd_deselect();
      i++;
      if(i == 0xFF){
         mmcsd_deselect();
         return r1;
      }
   } while(r1 & MMCSD_IDLE);

   /* figure out if we have an SD or MMC */
   mmcsd_select();
   r1=mmcsd_app_cmd();
   r1=mmcsd_sd_send_op_cond();
   mmcsd_deselect();
     printf("The card is: 0x%2X => ",r1);
   /* an mmc will return an 0x04 here */
   if(r1 == 0x04){ 
      g_card_type = MMC; printf("MMC.\r\n");}
   
   else{
      g_card_type = SD;  printf("SD.\r\n");
       //  mmcsd_print_cid();
       //  mmcsd_print_csd();
   }
   delay_ms(200);
   /* set block length to 512 bytes */
   mmcsd_select();
   r1 = mmcsd_set_blocklen(MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
 
     if(r1 != MMCSD_GOODEC){
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return r1;
   }
   mmcsd_deselect();

   mmcsd_select();
   r1 = mmcsd_crc_on_off(0);
   if(r1 != MMCSD_GOODEC) {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return r1;
   }
   mmcsd_deselect();

   r1 = mmcsd_load_buffer();
   
   g_mmcsdPartitionOffset = 0;
   //mmcsd_check_part(0x1EE);
   //mmcsd_check_part(0x1DE);
   //mmcsd_check_part(0x1CE);
   //mmcsd_check_part(0x1BE);
   //we need to calculate the offset adresss between phy. and logic. address from the offset sector at the address 0x1C6

   //  printf("find offset from physical to logical %X\r\n",g_mmcsd_buffer[0x1C6] ) ;
   //more detail at  http://www.secure-digital-card-source-code-driver.com/layout-of-a-mmc-or-sd-card-with-fat/the-boot-record
   if (g_mmcsd_buffer[0x1C6] < 80 )
      g_mmcsdBufferAddress = g_mmcsd_buffer[0x1C6]*0x200;
      // for card => 1GByte need to add more offset
   else
      g_mmcsdBufferAddress = g_mmcsd_buffer[0x1C6]*0x200 + 0x10000;

    printf("offset Adr : %lX\r\n",g_mmcsdBufferAddress ) ;

   g_mmcsdPartitionOffset=g_mmcsdBufferAddress; ;

    r1 = mmcsd_load_buffer();

   if (g_mmcsd_buffer[0] == 0xEB){
      printf("Boot sector found.\n" ) ;
   }
 
 
    return r1;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_data(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr)
{
   MMCSD_err r1;
   uint16_t i;  // counter for loops

   for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      r1 = mmcsd_read_byte(address++, ptr++);
      if(r1 != MMCSD_GOODEC)
         return r1;
   }
   
   return MMCSD_GOODEC;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_block(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr)
{
   MMCSD_err ec;
   uint16_t i; // counter for loops

   // send command
   mmcsd_select();
   ec = mmcsd_read_single_block(address);
   if(ec != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return ec;
   }
   
   // wait for the data start token
   ec = mmcsd_wait_for_token(DATA_START_TOKEN);
   if(ec != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return ec;
   }
   
   // read in the data
   for(i = 0; i < size; i += 1)
      ptr[i] = spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);

   if(g_CRC_enabled)
   {
      /* check the crc */
      if(make16(spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF), spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF)) != mmcsd_crc16(g_mmcsd_buffer, MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE))
      {
         mmcsd_deselect();
         return MMCSD_CRC_ERR;
      }
   }
   else
   {
      /* have the card transmit the CRC, but ignore it */
      spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
      spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
   }
   mmcsd_deselect();
//printf("print block \r\n") ;
//for(i = 0; i < 32; i += 1)

// printf("adr :%x -> %X \r\n", i, ptr[i] ) ;
// printf(" %c ", ptr[i] ) ;


   return MMCSD_GOODEC;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_data(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr)
{
   MMCSD_err ec;
   uint16_t i;  // counter for loops
 
   for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      ec = mmcsd_write_byte(address++, *ptr++);
  //  if (*ptr++ != 0x00)
   // printf(" writ data at adr : -> %lX data -> %X  : i = %X, size = %X\r\n", address, ptr[i],i,size ) ;
   
    if(ec != MMCSD_GOODEC)
         return ec;
   }
   
   return MMCSD_GOODEC;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_block(uint32_t address, uint16_t size, uint8_t* ptr)
{
   MMCSD_err ec;
   uint16_t i;

   // send command
   mmcsd_select();
   ec = mmcsd_write_single_block(address);
   if(ec != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return ec;
   }
   
   // send a data start token
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, DATA_START_TOKEN);
   
   // send all the data
   for(i = 0; i < size; i += 1)
      spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, ptr[i]);

   // if the CRC is enabled we have to calculate it, otherwise just send an 0xFFFF
   if(g_CRC_enabled)
      spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, mmcsd_crc16(ptr, size));
   else
   {
      spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
      spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
   }
   
   // get the error code back from the card; "data accepted" is 0bXXX00101
   ec = mmcsd_get_r1();
   if(ec & 0x0A)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return ec;
   }
   
   // wait for the line to go back high, this indicates that the write is complete
   while(spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF) == 0);
   mmcsd_deselect();

   return MMCSD_GOODEC;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_go_idle_state(void)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(GO_IDLE_STATE, 0);
   
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_op_cond(void)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SEND_OP_COND, 0);
   
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_if_cond(uint8_t r7[])
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SEND_IF_COND, 0x45A);

   return mmcsd_get_r7(r7);
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_print_csd()
{
   uint8_t
      buf[16],
      i,
      r1;

   // MMCs don't support this command
   if(g_card_type == MMC)
      return MMCSD_PARAM_ERR;

   mmcsd_select();   
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SEND_CSD, 0);
   r1 = mmcsd_get_r1();
   if(r1 != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return r1;
   }
   
   r1 = mmcsd_wait_for_token(DATA_START_TOKEN);
   if(r1 != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return r1;
   }

   for(i = 0; i < 16; i++)
      buf[i] = spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
   mmcsd_deselect();

   printf("\r\nCSD_STRUCTURE: %X", (buf[0] & 0x0C) >> 2);
   printf("\r\nTAAC: %X", buf[1]);
   printf("\r\nNSAC: %X", buf[2]);
   printf("\r\nTRAN_SPEED: %X", buf[3]);
   printf("\r\nCCC: %lX", (make16(buf[4], buf[5]) & 0xFFF0) >> 4);
   printf("\r\nREAD_BL_LEN: %X", buf[5] & 0x0F);   
   printf("\r\nREAD_BL_PARTIAL: %X", (buf[6] & 0x80) >> 7);
   printf("\r\nWRITE_BLK_MISALIGN: %X", (buf[6] & 0x40) >> 6);
   printf("\r\nREAD_BLK_MISALIGN: %X", (buf[6] & 0x20) >> 5);
   printf("\r\nDSR_IMP: %X", (buf[6] & 0x10) >> 4);
   printf("\r\nC_SIZE: %lX", (((buf[6] & 0x03) << 10) | (buf[7] << 2) | ((buf[8] & 0xC0) >> 6)));
   printf("\r\nVDD_R_CURR_MIN: %X", (buf[8] & 0x38) >> 3);
   printf("\r\nVDD_R_CURR_MAX: %X", buf[8] & 0x07);
   printf("\r\nVDD_W_CURR_MIN: %X", (buf[9] & 0xE0) >> 5);
   printf("\r\nVDD_W_CURR_MAX: %X", (buf[9] & 0x1C) >> 2);
   printf("\r\nC_SIZE_MULT: %X", ((buf[9] & 0x03) << 1) | ((buf[10] & 0x80) >> 7));
   printf("\r\nERASE_BLK_EN: %X", (buf[10] & 0x40) >> 6);
   printf("\r\nSECTOR_SIZE: %X", ((buf[10] & 0x3F) << 1) | ((buf[11] & 0x80) >> 7));
   printf("\r\nWP_GRP_SIZE: %X", buf[11] & 0x7F);
   printf("\r\nWP_GRP_ENABLE: %X", (buf[12] & 0x80) >> 7);
   printf("\r\nR2W_FACTOR: %X", (buf[12] & 0x1C) >> 2);
   printf("\r\nWRITE_BL_LEN: %X", ((buf[12] & 0x03) << 2) | ((buf[13] & 0xC0) >> 6));
   printf("\r\nWRITE_BL_PARTIAL: %X", (buf[13] & 0x20) >> 5);
   printf("\r\nFILE_FORMAT_GRP: %X", (buf[14] & 0x80) >> 7);
   printf("\r\nCOPY: %X", (buf[14] & 0x40) >> 6);
   printf("\r\nPERM_WRITE_PROTECT: %X", (buf[14] & 0x20) >> 5);
   printf("\r\nTMP_WRITE_PROTECT: %X", (buf[14] & 0x10) >> 4);
   printf("\r\nFILE_FORMAT: %X", (buf[14] & 0x0C) >> 2);
   printf("\r\nCRC: %X", buf[15]);

   return r1;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_print_cid()
{
   uint8_t
      buf[16],
      i,
      r1;

   // MMCs don't support this command
   if(g_card_type == MMC)
      return MMCSD_PARAM_ERR;
   
   mmcsd_select();
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SEND_CID, 0);
   r1 = mmcsd_get_r1();
   if(r1 != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return r1;
   }
   r1 = mmcsd_wait_for_token(DATA_START_TOKEN);
   if(r1 != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
      mmcsd_deselect();
      return r1;
   }
   
   for(i = 0; i < 16; i++)
      buf[i] = spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
   mmcsd_deselect();
   
   printf("\r\nManufacturer ID: %X", buf[0]);
   printf("\r\nOEM/Application ID: %c%c", buf[1], buf[2]);
   printf("\r\nOEM/Application ID: %c%c%c%c%c", buf[3], buf[4], buf[5], buf[6], buf[7]);
   printf("\r\nProduct Revision: %X", buf[8]);
   printf("\r\nSerial Number: %X%X%X%X", buf[9], buf[10], buf[11], buf[12]);
   printf("\r\nManufacturer Date Code: %X%X", buf[13] & 0x0F, buf[14]);
   printf("\r\nCRC-7 Checksum: %X", buf[15]);

   return r1;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_sd_status(uint8_t r2[])
{
   uint8_t i;

   mmcsd_select();
   mmcsd_send_cmd(APP_CMD, 0);
   r2[0]=mmcsd_get_r1();
   mmcsd_deselect();

   mmcsd_select();
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SD_STATUS, 0);

   for(i = 0; i < 64; i++)
      spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);     

   mmcsd_deselect();

   return mmcsd_get_r2(r2);
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_status(uint8_t r2[])
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SEND_STATUS, 0);   
   
   return mmcsd_get_r2(r2);
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_set_blocklen(uint32_t blocklen)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SET_BLOCKLEN, blocklen);
   
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_single_block(uint32_t address)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(READ_SINGLE_BLOCK, address);
   
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_single_block(uint32_t address)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(WRITE_BLOCK, address);
 
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_sd_send_op_cond(void)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(SD_SEND_OP_COND, 0);
   
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_app_cmd(void)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(APP_CMD, 0);
   
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_ocr(int r3[])
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(READ_OCR, 0);
   
   return mmcsd_get_r3(r3);
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_crc_on_off(int1 crc_enabled)
{
   mmcsd_send_cmd(CRC_ON_OFF, crc_enabled);
   
   g_CRC_enabled = crc_enabled;
   
   return mmcsd_get_r1();
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_send_cmd(uint8_t cmd, uint32_t arg)
{   
   uint8_t packet[6]; // the entire command, argument, and crc in one variable
 
   // construct the packet
   // every command on an SD card is or'ed with 0x40
   packet[0] = cmd | 0x40;
   packet[1] = make8(arg, 3);
   packet[2] = make8(arg, 2);
   packet[3] = make8(arg, 1);
   packet[4] = make8(arg, 0);

   // calculate the crc if needed
   if(g_CRC_enabled)
      packet[5] = mmcsd_crc7(packet, 5);
   else
      packet[5] = 0xFF;

   // transfer the command and argument, with an extra 0xFF hacked in there
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, packet[0]);
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, packet[1]);
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, packet[2]);
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, packet[3]);
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, packet[4]);
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, packet[5]);
//!   spi_write2(packet[0]);
//!   spi_write2(packet[1]);
//!   spi_write2(packet[2]);
//!   spi_write2(packet[3]);
//!   spi_write2(packet[4]);
//!   spi_write2(packet[5]);
   

   return MMCSD_GOODEC;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r1(void)
{
   uint8_t
      response = 0,  // place to hold the response coming back from the SPI line
      timeout = 0xFF; // maximum amount loops to wait for idle before getting impatient and leaving the function with an error code
   
   // loop until timeout == 0
   while(timeout)
   {
      // read what's on the SPI line
      //  the SD/MMC requires that you leave the line high when you're waiting for data from it
      response = spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
      //response = spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0x00);//leave the line idle
     
      // check to see if we got a response
      if(response != 0xFF)
      {   
         // fill in the response that we got and leave the function
         return response;
      }

      // wait for a little bit longer
      timeout--;
   }
   
   // for some reason, we didn't get a response back from the card
   //  return the proper error codes
   return RESP_TIMEOUT;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r2(uint8_t r2[])
{
   r2[1] = mmcsd_get_r1();
   
   r2[0] = spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
   
   return 0;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r3(uint8_t r3[])
{
   return mmcsd_get_r7(r3);
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_get_r7(uint8_t r7[])
{
   uint8_t i;   // counter for loop
   
   // the top byte of r7 is r1
   r7[4]=mmcsd_get_r1();
   
   // fill in the other 4 bytes
   for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
      r7[3 - i] = spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);

   return r7[4];
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_wait_for_token(uint8_t token)
{
   MMCSD_err r1;
   
   // get a token
   r1 = mmcsd_get_r1();
   
   // check to see if the token we recieved was the one that we were looking for
   if(r1 == token)
      return MMCSD_GOODEC;
   
   // if that wasn't right, return the error
   return r1;   
}

unsigned int8 mmcsd_crc7(char *data,uint8_t length)
{
   uint8_t i, ibit, c, crc;
   
   crc = 0x00;                                                                // Set initial value

   for (i = 0; i < length; i++, data++)
   {
      c = *data;

      for (ibit = 0; ibit < 8; ibit++)
      {
         crc = crc << 1;
         if ((c ^ crc) & 0x80) crc = crc ^ 0x09;                              // ^ is XOR
         c = c << 1;
      }

       crc = crc & 0x7F;
   }

   shift_left(&crc, 1, 1);                                                    // MMC card stores the result in the top 7 bits so shift them left 1
                                                                              // Should shift in a 1 not a 0 as one of the cards I have won't work otherwise
   return crc;
}

uint16_t mmcsd_crc16(char *data, uint8_t length)
{
   uint8_t i, ibit, c;

   uint16_t crc;

   crc = 0x0000;                                                                // Set initial value

   for (i = 0; i < length; i++, data++)
   {
      c = *data;

      for (ibit = 0; ibit < 8; ibit++)
      {
         crc = crc << 1;
         if ((c ^ crc) & 0x8000) crc = crc ^ 0x1021;                              // ^ is XOR
         c = c << 1;
      }

       crc = crc & 0x7FFF;
   }

   shift_left(&crc, 2, 1);                                                    // MMC card stores the result in the top 7 bits so shift them left 1
                                                                              // Should shift in a 1 not a 0 as one of the cards I have won't work otherwise
   return crc;
}

void mmcsd_select()
{
   output_low(MMCSD_PIN_SELECT);
}

void mmcsd_deselect()
{
   spi_xfer(mmcsd_spi, 0xFF);
   output_high(MMCSD_PIN_SELECT);
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_load_buffer(void)
{
   g_MMCSDBufferChanged = FALSE;
   return(mmcsd_read_block(g_mmcsdBufferAddress, MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE, g_mmcsd_buffer));
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_flush_buffer(void)
{
   if (g_MMCSDBufferChanged)
   {  //printf(" flush buffer \r\n");
      g_MMCSDBufferChanged = FALSE;
      return(mmcsd_write_block(g_mmcsdBufferAddress, MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE, g_mmcsd_buffer));
   }
   return(0);  //ok
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_move_buffer(uint32_t new_addr)
{
   MMCSD_err ec = MMCSD_GOODEC;
   uint32_t
      //cur_block,
      new_block,address;
   //int value;
   // make sure we're still on the same block
   //cur_block = g_mmcsdBufferAddress - (g_mmcsdBufferAddress % MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
  // new_block = (new_addr) % MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE;
 // printf(" move buffer: new ad = %lX,  new_addr mod max_block --> %lX \n\r", new_addr,  new_block) ;
 
   address = new_addr-g_mmcsdPartitionOffset;
  // new_block = new_addr - (new_addr % MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
   new_block = address - (address % MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
 //   printf(" move buffer: new block befor offset = %lX \n\r",  new_block) ;
   
   new_block += g_mmcsdPartitionOffset;
 
//   printf(" move buffer: g_mmcsdBufferAddress = %lX \n\r",  g_mmcsdBufferAddress) ;
//  printf(" move buffer: new block = %lX \n\r",  new_block) ;
 
   
   
   //if(cur_block != new_block)
   if(g_mmcsdBufferAddress != new_block)
   {   //  printf(" move buffer: g_mmcsdBufferAddress = %lX :new block = %lX \n\r",  g_mmcsdBufferAddress, new_block ) ;
     
   
   // dump the old buffer
      if (g_MMCSDBufferChanged)
      { printf(" update data\n\r") ;
 
         ec = mmcsd_flush_buffer();
         if(ec != MMCSD_GOODEC)
            return ec;
         g_MMCSDBufferChanged = FALSE;
      }
         
      // figure out the best place for a block
      g_mmcsdBufferAddress = new_block;
 //    printf(" move buffer: new_block = %lX \n\r", g_mmcsdBufferAddress) ;
 
      // load up a new buffer
      ec = mmcsd_load_buffer();
 //printf("move_buffer:  load new buffer: \r\n");
     
// for(address= 0 ; address <=  0x20; address++)
//  {
//     printf(" %c", g_mmcsd_buffer[address]) ;
 
//  }
// printf("\r\n");
 
 }
   
   return ec;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_read_byte(uint32_t addr, char* data)
{
   MMCSD_err ec;
   
   ec = mmcsd_move_buffer(addr);
   if(ec != MMCSD_GOODEC)
   {
     return ec;
   }
 
   *data = g_mmcsd_buffer[addr % MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE];

   return MMCSD_GOODEC;
}

MMCSD_err mmcsd_write_byte(uint32_t addr, char data){
   //int32 value;
   MMCSD_err ec;
 
 
  ec = mmcsd_move_buffer(addr);
   if(ec != MMCSD_GOODEC)
     return ec;
   
   g_mmcsd_buffer[addr % MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE] = data;
 // value = addr % MMCSD_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE;
//  printf("value=%lX:x%c ",value,g_mmcsd_buffer[value]) ;
  g_MMCSDBufferChanged = TRUE;
   

   return MMCSD_GOODEC;
}

#endif
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