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Stepper motor pulse train

 
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PrinceNai



Joined: 31 Oct 2016
Posts: 471
Location: Montenegro

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Stepper motor pulse train
PostPosted: Wed Apr 12, 2023 1:01 pm     Reply with quote

This is a code used to generate a pulse train to drive a stepper motor. It uses Tmr1 and CCP1 to do that. There are two possible ranges, 16-2040Hz or 16 - 4080Hz with a Timer1 resolution of 1us. It has an option to select a fixed number of equally spaced frequencies between 16Hz and Fmax. That was added because it is a part of a DIY motorized dolly attempt, where only a few speeds are needed from the stepper. On the oscilloscope it looks OK, still waiting for the controllers to see it in some real action Very Happy
Code:

// **************************************************************************
// This is a very basic code that generates a pulse train for driving
// a stepper motor. The idea is to vary the time between two
// successive Timer1 interrupts and by doing that control the speed
// of the stepper. In combination with CCP1 interrupt it is
// capable of generating a pulse train with frequencies between
// 16Hz and 2040Hz with basic steps of 8Hz or 16Hz - 4080Hz with 16. FREQUENCY_STEP
// determines that. 8bit variable Freq_Control controls the frequency. Pot is
// currently used to control it, but it might be anything else. There is also
// a possibility to decide in how many steps the frequency will go from min. to
// max. That is done via NUMBER_OF_FREQUENCIES define. The code assumes 1us 
// resolution of Timer1.
// Pulse width is currently 36us, change CCPR1L value to make it wider or
// narrower.
// **************************************************************************

#include <18F46k22.h>
#FUSES NOWDT,NOPROTECT, NOPUT , NOLVP,  BROWNOUT
#device ADC=8
#use delay(internal=32000000)

#byte CCPR1H = getenv("SFR:CCPR1H")                            // make visible the low and high bytes of the CCPR1 holding register
#byte CCPR1L = getenv("SFR:CCPR1L")                            // to allow them being easily used in the code

#define STEPPER_PIN PIN_C2                                     // pulses will be here

// Frequency is controlled by an 8 bit variable (ADC, whatever).
// Without scaling the frequency changes for 8 or 16Hz for every step
// of that variable. With define below we set how "coarse" we want
// this change of frequency to be. So with 10 we have ten steps 
// of 200Hz, with 25 twenty five steps of 80Hz and so on.

#define NUMBER_OF_FREQUENCIES   10                             // how many steps there will be between 0 and max. frequency. 255 gives you no scaling.
int8 Scaling_Factor = 255/NUMBER_OF_FREQUENCIES;               // used for the math behind it

#define FREQUENCY_STEP 8                                       // this number determines the maximum frequency of pulses. 8 means 2040Hz, 16 means 4080Hz.
//#define FREQUENCY_STEP 16                                    // It can be any number between these two. It also determines the step of the frequency 
                                                               // for each increment of Freq_Control variable 

int8 Freq_Control;                                             // variable that controls the frequency of pulses
int16 DesiredFrequency;                                        // calculated from Freq_Control
int32 Needed_Tmr1_Period;                                      // Timer1 period needed for the desired frequency
int16 Tmr1_Preload;                                            // Timer1 preload to achieve the period needed

// ************************************************************
// ************************************************************
#INT_TIMER1
void  TIMER1_isr(void)
{
   delay_cycles(7);                                            // fine tune when preloading (empirical value as measured in MPLAB SIM to get just the right frequencies)
   set_timer1(Tmr1_Preload);                                   // set Timer1 to repeatedly overflow with the desired frequency
   output_low(STEPPER_PIN);                                    // stop pulse on C2
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------
#INT_CCP1
void  CCP1_isr(void)
{
   output_high(STEPPER_PIN);                                   // start pulse on C2 
}
// ************************************************************
// ************************************************************
void main()
{
   setup_timer_1(T1_INTERNAL | T1_DIV_BY_8);                   // 1us resolution at 32Mhz
   setup_ccp1(CCP_COMPARE_INT);                                // setup CCP1 in compare mode, using Timer1
   
   setup_adc_ports(sAN0, VSS_VDD);                             // setup ADC on channel 0
   setup_adc(ADC_CLOCK_DIV_32 | ADC_TAD_MUL_20);
   set_adc_channel(0);   

   enable_interrupts(INT_TIMER1);
   enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
   
   CCPR1H = 0xFF;                                              // set CCP1 register to the desired trip point where Tmr1 count will cause interrupt, here on 65500.
   CCPR1L = 0XDC;                                              // At that point PIN_C2 goes high and starts the pulse. Tmr1 ends it in overflow interrupt.
   
   set_timer1(0);
// ............................................................
   while(TRUE)
   {
// read ADC, then scale or "trim" the reading as desired via NUMBER_OF_FREQUENCIES and Scaling_Factor.   
// Looks stupid and useless to first divide and then multiply by the same number. But because it is   
// an integer division, you lose everything behind theoretical "decimal point", making a division
// of 25/25 or 49/25 both equal to 1, leaving you with the same desired frequency for a bunch of different starting values of Freq_Control.
// Original code uses olympic averaging of ADC readings for stability.
   
      Freq_Control = read_adc()/Scaling_Factor;;               
      Freq_Control = Freq_Control*Scaling_Factor;              
                                                               
      if(Freq_Control == 0){                                   // shut down pulse generation if ADC reading is right in the bottom range of the pot to stop the stepper
         disable_interrupts(INT_CCP1);
         output_low(STEPPER_PIN);
         delay_ms(50);
      }
      else{           
         enable_interrupts(INT_CCP1);                           // enable interrupt     
           
         DesiredFrequency = FREQUENCY_STEP*(int16)Freq_Control;// calculate the desired frequency and the period of Tmr1 from that.
         
         Needed_Tmr1_Period = 1000000/DesiredFrequency;        // 1.000.000/DesiredFrequency gives the result directly in us.
         Tmr1_Preload = 65536 - (int16)Needed_Tmr1_Period + 7;   // 7us are added because it takes cca. 7us for interrupt handler to arrive to the code
                                                               // in the interrupt itself. It corrects the error in frequencies that causes. It would be quite big at high frequencies.
                                                               // Tmr1_Preload determines the frequency of Tmr1 interrupts.
         delay_ms(50);                                                              
      }
             
   }         // while(TRUE)
}            // main
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