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Structure of bits is not an int!

 
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RLScott



Joined: 10 Jul 2007
Posts: 465

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Structure of bits is not an int!
PostPosted: Tue Aug 20, 2013 7:27 am     Reply with quote

For direct access to PORTA on a PIC18F2331 I use the definition:
Code:

struct {
   unsigned int RA0:1;
   unsigned int RA1:1;
   unsigned int RA2:1;
   unsigned int RA3:1;
   unsigned int RA4:1;
   unsigned int RA5:1;
   unsigned int RA6:1;
   unsigned int RA7:1;
} PORTA;
#byte PORTA = 0xF80

But this statement makes a compile error "Numeric Expression expected here":

Code:
    temp8 = PORTA & 0b00011000;   //..ERROR..

However I can cast PORTA to unsigned int and all is well:
Code:
    temp8 = ((unsigned int)PORTA) & 0b00011000;  //..no error..

And even without the cast all is well if I just do an assignment:
Code:
    temp8 = PORTA;  //..no error..

I thought structures of bits were treated like integers when used without their member designators, but apparently not.
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Robert Scott
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Embedded Systems Consulting
Ttelmah



Joined: 11 Mar 2010
Posts: 19520

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PostPosted: Tue Aug 20, 2013 8:33 am     Reply with quote

From K&R.

"The only legal operations on a structure are copying it, or assigning to it as a unit, taking it's address with &, or accessing it's members".

So it is legal to assign a number to it, or read a number directly from it, but not to treat it as a variable for maths. As such CCS is behaving 'bang on', in how it is treating it. When you simply read the number from it, an automatic cast is performed, and similarly when you write to it. However when you try to perform maths, it is still a structure, till the moment you perform the cast.

A remarkably 'spot on' behaviour from the compiler.

Personally I always prefer to be explicit, and use unions.

Best Wishes
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